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Lambert of Italy
Lambert (c. 880 – 15 October 898) was the King of Italy from 891, Holy Roman Emperor, co-ruling with his father from 892, and Duke of Spoleto and Camerino (as Lambert II) from his father's death in 894. He was the son of Guy III of Spoleto and Ageltrude, born in San Rufino. He was the last ruler to issue a capitulary in the Carolingian tradition.
==Confronting Arnulf==
Lambert was crowned King in May 891 at Pavia〔Canduci, pg. 221〕 and joint Emperor alongside his father on 30 April 892 at Ravenna by a reluctant Pope Formosus.〔Comyn, pg. 82〕 He and his father signed a pact with the pontiff confirming the Donation of Pepin and subsequent Carolingian gifts to the papacy.〔Mann, III, pg. 378〕 In 893, however, Formosus sent an embassy to Regensburg to request Arnulf of Carinthia liberate Italy and come to Rome to be crowned.〔Mann, IV, pg. 50〕 Arnulf sent his son Zwentibold with a Bavarian army to join with Berengar of Friuli.〔Comyn, pg. 82〕 They defeated Guy, but bribes, along with an outbreak of fever, saw him leave in the autumn.〔Mann, IV, pg. 51〕 Arnulf then personally led an army across the Alps early in 894. He conquered all of the territory north of the Po River, but went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn. Lambert became sole king and emperor, as well as succeeded his father to the Duchy of Spoleto. Still young though, he was left under the regency of his mother, a staunch anti-German. While Berengar occupied Pavia, Lambert and Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial title,〔Mann, IV, pg. 51〕 but Pope Formosus wanted instead to crown Arnulf and was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo.
Lambert was preoccupied in thwarting the attempts of both Arnulf of Carinthia and Berengar of Friuli to take Italy for themselves during his reign. Early on, Adalbert II of Tuscany rallied to his cause, menacing Berengar in Pavia. By January 895, Lambert could take up residence in the royal capital. In that same year, his cousin Guy IV conquered the Principality of Benevento from the Byzantines. Despite the urging of Fulk of Rheims on his behalf, Lambert found himself abandoned by the pope, who feared the increased power of the Spoletan house. In September, an embassy arrived in Regensburg beseeching Arnulf's aid.〔Mann, IV, pg. 51〕 In October, Arnulf undertook his second campaign into Italy. He crossed the Alps quickly and took Pavia, but then he continued slowly. While Lambert refused to offer battle, Arnful was garnering support among the nobility of Tuscany. Even Adalbert joined him. Finding Rome locked against him and held by Ageltrude, he took the city by force on 21 February 896, freeing the pope.〔Mann, IV, pg. 52〕 Arnulf was there crowned King and Emperor by Formosus, who declared Lambert deposed. Arnulf marched on Spoleto, where Ageltrude had fled to Lambert, but he suffered a stroke and had to call off the campaign.〔Mann, IV, pg. 53〕 That same year, Formosus died, leaving Lambert once again in power.〔Canduci, pg. 221〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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